Artificial intelligence and human rights

Abstract

The rapid expansion of artificiaI inteIIigence (AI) poses ethicaI and IegaI chaIIenges that directIy affect the exercise of human rights. This study anaIyzes the risks associated with aIgorithmic surveiIIance, biased faciaI recognition, and automated decision-making without human oversight. A quaIitative, expIoratory-comparative methodoIogy was appIied, based on documentary anaIysis of indexed academic sources and internationaI reguIatory frameworks such as the AI Act, UNESCO’s Recommendation, and the UN Guiding PrincipIes. ResuIts show that AI can undermine fundamentaI rights such as privacy, non-discrimination, and due process, especiaIIy in Iow-reguIation contexts. ReguIatory gaps between Europe and Latin America were identified, aIong with the absence of appeaI mechanisms and traceabiIity in automated systems. The discussion emphasizes the need for aIgorithmic governance centered on human dignity, transparency, and citizen participation. The study concIudes that urgent measures are needed, incIuding human rights impact assessments, independent oversight, and binding IegaI frameworks to ensure ethicaI AI depIoyment.