Vol. 8 Núm. 77 (2026): Marzo
Artículos

Valor ESG en el rendimiento financiero: Análisis en el sector de consumo masivo

Er Navas Maldonado
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
Filiberto Enrique Valdés Medina
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México
José Antonio Beltrán Enríquez
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México

Publicado 2026-04-01

Palabras clave

  • ESG,
  • Rentabilidad Financiera,
  • Consumo Masivo,
  • Sostenibilidad Empresarial,
  • Iniciativas ESG,
  • Inversión Responsable,
  • Desempeño Financiero
  • ...Más
    Menos

Cómo citar

Navas Maldonado, E., Valdés Medina, F. E., & Beltrán Enríquez, J. A. (2026). Valor ESG en el rendimiento financiero: Análisis en el sector de consumo masivo. Desarrollo Sustentable, Negocios, Emprendimiento Y Educación, 8(77), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.51896/rilcods.v8i77.1181

Resumen

Esta indagación investiga la relación entre las iniciativas y acciones de rentabilidad social -evaluadas mediante los principios de ESG- y el rendimiento financiero en el gran sector de consumo masivo de empresas de alta capitalización internacional. Mediante el estudio de datos públicos, de informes anuales y de sostenibilidad empresarial de empresas líderes en el mercado como Unilever, Procter & Gamble, Nestlé, The Coca-Cola Company, PepsiCo y Mondelez International; se desvela que la incorporación de acciones de sostenibilidad directamente influye positivamente en el desempeño financiero. Lo encontrado sugiere que las estrategias ESG abonan significativamente a la distinción real de marca, en el impacto en la reducción de costos operativos, y en el acceso a nuevos mercados económica y temporalmente sostenibles; en concordancia, investigaciones sobre el comportamiento de los consumidores indican que las iniciativas del factor ESG pueden fortalecer la lealtad de marca y la intención de futuras compras; Aun cuando los costos iniciales de inversión en sostenibilidad pueden generar grandes desafíos financieros en el corto plazo, las empresas con altos ratios en el factor ESG están mejor posicionadas hacia un crecimiento sostenible y pueden hacer frente a un entorno regulatorio cada vez más estricto y un mercado competitivo en crecimiento, así como a las exigencias del mercado. Este análisis aluza la importancia de inversiones responsables clave y la rentabilidad financiera sostenible hacia el éxito financiero en el importante sector de consumo masivo.

Citas

  1. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  2. Atz, U., Van Holt, T., Douglas, E., & Whelan, T. (2021). The return on sustainability investment (ROSI): Monetizing financial benefits of sustainability actions in companies. Review of Business, 41(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3465637
  3. Berg, F., Kölbel, J. F., & Rigobon, R. (2022). Aggregate confusion: The divergence of ESG ratings. Review of Finance, 26(6), 1315–1344. https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfac033
  4. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
  5. Deloitte. (2024). Does a company’s ESG score have a measurable impact on its market value? https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/topics/strategy/esg-investing-performance.html
  6. Deloitte. (2025). 2025 global automotive consumer study. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/automotive/global-automotive-consumer-study.html
  7. Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business. Capstone.
  8. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press.
  9. Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.
  10. Friede, G., Busch, T., & Bassen, A. (2015). ESG and financial performance: Aggregated evidence from more than 2000 empirical studies. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 5(4), 210–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2015.1118917
  11. Gallup. (2024). The business case for purpose-driven companies. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/509144/business-case-purpose-driven-companies.aspx
  12. Global Reporting Initiative. (2021). GRI Standards. https://www.globalreporting.org/how-to-use-the-gri-standards/gri-standards-english-language/
  13. Kantar. (2024). Sustainability and consumer behavior: Insights 2024. https://www.kantar.com/inspiration/sustainability/sustainability-and-consumer-behavior-insights-2024
  14. Krishen, A. S., Berezan, O., Agarwal, S., & Robison, B. (2024). Sustainable advertising and brand engagement: The role of green self-identity and consumer skepticism. Journal of Advertising Research, 64(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-2024-001
  15. Laroche, M., Habibi, M. R., Richard, M.-O., & Sankaranarayanan, R. (2012). The effects of social media based brand communities on brand community markers, value creation practices, brand trust and brand loyalty. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1755–1767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.04.016
  16. McKinsey & Company. (2023). Sustainability: The business case for action. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights
  17. McKinsey & Company. (2024). The sustainability imperative: Trends in consumer goods. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/consumer-packaged-goods/our-insights
  18. Mondelez International. (2024). 2024 snacking made right report. https://www.mondelezinternational.com/snacking-made-right/reporting-and-disclosure/
  19. Nestlé. (2024). Creating shared value and sustainability report 2024. https://www.nestle.com/sustainability/reports
  20. Nielsen. (2023). Sustainability in consumer goods. https://www.nielsen.com/insights/2023/sustainability-in-consumer-goods/
  21. Packaging Europe. (2024). PepsiCo Europe: Sustainability in packaging. https://packagingeurope.com/news/pepsico-europe-sustainability-in-packaging/10346.article
  22. PepsiCo. (2024). 2024 annual report. https://investors.pepsico.com/financials/annual-reports
  23. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
  24. Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1/2), 62–77. https://hbr.org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value
  25. Procter & Gamble. (2024). 2024 annual report. https://www.pginvestor.com/financial-reporting/annual-reports/
  26. Reuters. (2025). Shoppers turn to smaller food brands. https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/shoppers-turn-smaller-food-brands-2025-03-03/
  27. Saka, C., & Oshika, T. (2024). What do we know about carbon disclosure? Cogent Economics & Finance, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2024.2453899
  28. Spence, M. (1973). Job market signaling. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(3), 355–374. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882010
  29. Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571–610. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9508080331
  30. Sustainalytics. (2024). ESG risk ratings. https://www.sustainalytics.com/esg-ratings
  31. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33–47). Brooks/Cole.
  32. The Coca-Cola Company. (2024). Annual report 2024. https://investors.coca-colacompany.com/filings-reports/annual-reports
  33. The Guardian. (2024). Coca-Cola faces criticism over plastic pollution. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/mar/15/coca-cola-plastic-pollution
  34. Unilever. (2024). 2024 annual report and sustainability report. https://www.unilever.com/investors/annual-report-and-accounts/
  35. Whelan, T., Atz, U., Van Holt, T., & Clark, C. (2021). ESG and financial performance: Uncovering the relationship by aggregating evidence from 1,000 plus studies published between 2015–2020. NYU Stern Center for Sustainable Business. https://www.stern.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/assets/documents/NYU-RAM_ESG-Paper_2021.pdf
  36. Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Sage.
  37. Yoon, B., Lee, J., & Byun, R. (2022). Does ESG performance enhance firm value and profitability? Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(4), 761–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.03.001